Betri ea lithium e na le ho tjhaja betri ea Lithium

Lithium battery ke mofuta oa betri e sebelisang lithium metal kapa lithium alloy e le lisebelisoa tse mpe tsa electrode 'me e sebelisa tharollo ea electrolyte e se nang metsi.Batri ea pele ea lithium e hlahisitsoeng e tsoa ho moqapi e moholo Edison.

Libetri tsa Lithium - Libetri tsa Lithium

lithium betri
Lithium battery ke mofuta oa betri e sebelisang lithium metal kapa lithium alloy e le lisebelisoa tse mpe tsa electrode 'me e sebelisa tharollo ea electrolyte e se nang metsi.Batri ea pele ea lithium e hlahisitsoeng e tsoa ho moqapi e moholo Edison.

Hobane lisebelisoa tsa lik'hemik'hale tsa tšepe ea lithium li sebetsa haholo, ho sebetsa, ho boloka le ho sebelisoa ha tšepe ea lithium ho na le litlhoko tse phahameng haholo tsa tikoloho.Ka hona, libeteri tsa lithium ha li so sebelisoe nako e telele.

Ka nts'etsopele ea theknoloji ea microelectronics lekholong la mashome a mabeli la lilemo, lisebelisoa tse nyenyane li ntse li eketseha letsatsi le letsatsi, e leng se hlahisang litlhoko tse phahameng tsa phepelo ea motlakase.Joale libetri tsa lithium li kene sethaleng se seholo se sebetsang.

E ile ea sebelisoa ka lekhetlo la pele ho li-pacemaker tsa pelo.Hobane sekhahla sa ho itšehla thajana sa libeteri tsa lithium se tlase haholo, motlakase oa motlakase o moepa.E etsa hore ho khonehe ho kenya pacemaker 'meleng oa motho nako e telele.

Libetri tsa lithium ka kakaretso li na le motlakase o phahameng ho feta 3.0 volts 'me li loketse phepelo ea motlakase e kopaneng ea potoloho.Libetri tsa manganese dioxide li sebelisoa haholo lik’homphieutheng, li- calculator, lik’hamera le lioache.

Bakeng sa ho hlahisa mefuta e nang le ts'ebetso e ntle, lisebelisoa tse fapaneng li ithutoe.'Me joale etsa lihlahisoa joaloka pele.Mohlala, libeteri tsa lithium sulfur dioxide le libeteri tsa lithium thionyl chloride li ikhetha haholo.Lintho tsa bona tse ntle tse sebetsang le tsona ke solvent bakeng sa electrolyte.Sebopeho sena se teng feela lits'ebetsong tsa electrochemical tse se nang metsi.Ka hona, thuto ea libeteri tsa lithium e boetse e khothalelitse nts'etsopele ea khopolo ea electrochemical ea mekhoa e seng ea metsi.Ntle le ts'ebeliso ea li-solvents tse fapaneng tse se nang metsi, ho entsoe lipatlisiso mabapi le libeteri tsa filimi tse tšesaane tsa polymer le tsona li entsoe.

Ka 1992, Sony e atlehile ho hlahisa libeteri tsa lithium-ion.Tšebeliso ea eona e sebetsang e fokotsa boima le boholo ba lisebelisoa tsa elektronike tse nkehang joaloka liselefouno le lik'homphieutha tsa libuka.Nako ea tšebeliso e atolosoa haholo.Hobane libeteri tsa lithium-ion ha li na chromium ea tšepe e boima, ha li bapisoa le libeteri tsa nickel-chromium, tšilafalo tikolohong e fokotsehile haholo.

1. Betri ea lithium-ion
Libetri tsa lithium-ion joale li arotsoe ka mekhahlelo e 'meli: libeteri tsa lithium-ion tsa metsi (LIBs) le libeteri tsa lithium-ion tsa polymer (PLBs).Har'a bona, betri ea lithium ion e bua ka betri ea bobeli eo motsoako oa Li + o kopanyang e leng li-electrode tse ntle le tse mpe.Electrode e ntle e khetha lithium compound LiCoO2 kapa LiMn2O4, 'me electrode e mpe e khetha motsoako oa lithium-carbon interlayer.Libetri tsa Lithium-ion ke matla a matle bakeng sa nts'etsopele lekholong la bo21 la lilemo ka lebaka la matla a tsona a phahameng a ts'ebetso, boholo bo nyane, boima bo bobebe, matla a phahameng, ha ho na mohopolo, ha ho na tšilafalo, ho itšehla thajana le bophelo bo bolelele ba potoloho.

2. Histori e khutšoanyane ea tsoelo-pele ea betri ea lithium-ion
Libetri tsa lithium le libeteri tsa lithium ion ke libeteri tse ncha tse nang le matla a phahameng tse ntlafalitsoeng ka katleho lekholong la bo20 la lilemo.Electrode e mpe ea betri ena ke tšepe ea lithium, 'me electrode e ntle ke MnO2, SOCL2, (CFx) n, joalo-joalo E ile ea kenngoa ts'ebetsong e sebetsang lilemong tsa bo-1970.Ka lebaka la matla a eona a phahameng, matla a phahameng a betri, mefuta e mengata ea mocheso o sebetsang, le bophelo bo bolelele ba polokelo, e 'nile ea sebelisoa haholo lisebelisoa tsa motlakase tsa sesole le tsa sechaba, tse kang liselefouno, lik'homphieutha tse nkehang, lik'hamera tsa video, lik'hamera, joalo-joalo. ho ntsha dibetri tsa setso..

3. Litebello tsa nts'etsopele ea libeteri tsa lithium-ion
Libetri tsa Lithium-ion li 'nile tsa sebelisoa haholo lisebelisoa tse nkehang joaloka lik'homphieutha tsa laptop, lik'hamera tsa video, le puisano ea mehala ka lebaka la melemo ea tsona e ikhethang ea ts'ebetso.Betri ea lithium-ion e nang le matla a maholo e ntlafalitsoeng hona joale e lekoa likoloing tsa motlakase, 'me ho hakanngoa hore e tla fetoha e' ngoe ea mehloli e ka sehloohong ea matla a likoloi tsa motlakase lekholong la bo21 la lilemo, 'me e tla sebelisoa ka satellites, aerospace le polokelo ea matla. .

4. Ts'ebetso ea mantlha ea betri
(1) Matla a potoloho a bulehileng a betri
(2) Ho hanyetsa ka hare ho betri
(3) Matla a ho sebetsa a betri

(4) Matla a ho tjhaja
Matla a ho tjhaja a bolela matla a motlakase a sebediswang dintlheng ka bobedi tsa betri ke motlakase o kantle ha betri ya bobedi e tjhajwa.Mekhoa ea mantlha ea ho tjhaja e kenyelletsa ho tjhaja kamehla le ho tjhaja ha motlakase kamehla.Ka kakaretso, ho tjhaja kamehla ho sebelisoa, 'me tšobotsi ea eona ke hore motlakase o tsitsitse nakong ea ts'ebetso ea ho tjhaja.Ha ts'ebetso e ntse e tsoela pele, thepa e sebetsang e tsosolosoa, sebaka sa electrode reaction se ntse se fokotseha, 'me polarization ea motlakase e eketseha butle-butle.

(5) Matla a betri
Bophahamo ba betri bo bolela boholo ba motlakase o fumanoang betereng, eo hangata e hlahisoang ke C, 'me yuniti hangata e hlahisoa ke Ah kapa mAh.Bokhoni ke sepheo sa bohlokoa sa ts'ebetso ea motlakase oa betri.Bokhoni ba betri hangata bo arotsoe ka matla a theory, bokhoni bo sebetsang le matla a lekantsoeng.

Matla a betri a khethoa ke matla a li-electrode.Haeba matla a li-electrode a sa lekane, matla a betri a itšetlehile ka electrode e nang le matla a fokolang, empa ho hang ha se kakaretso ea bokhoni ba li-electrode tse ntle le tse mpe.

(6) Ts'ebetso ea polokelo le bophelo ba betri
E 'ngoe ea likarolo tsa mantlha tsa mehloli ea matla a lik'hemik'hale ke hore e khona ho lokolla matla a motlakase ha e sebelisoa le ho boloka matla a motlakase ha a sa sebelisoe.Seo ho thoeng ke ts'ebetso ea polokelo ke bokhoni ba ho boloka tefiso bakeng sa betri ea bobeli.

Mabapi le betri ea bobeli, bophelo ba ts'ebeletso ke parameter ea bohlokoa ho lekanya ts'ebetso ea betri.Betri ya bobedi e tla tjhajwa mme e tjhajwe hang, e bitswang cycle (kapa cycle).Tlas'a tekanyetso e itseng ea ho tjhaja le ho tjhaja, palo ya dinako tsa ho tjhaja le ho tjhajwa tseo betri e ka mamellang pele matla a betri a fihla boleng bo itseng e bitswa saekele ya tshebetso ya betri ya bobedi.Libetri tsa lithium-ion li na le ts'ebetso e ntle ea polokelo le bophelo bo bolelele ba potoloho.

Libetri tsa Lithium - Likarolo
A. Matla a phahameng a matla
Boima ba betri ea lithium-ion ke halofo ea betri ea nickel-cadmium kapa nickel-hydrogen ea matla a tšoanang, 'me molumo ke 40-50% ea nickel-cadmium le 20-30% ea betri ea nickel-hydrogen. .

B. Matla a Matla a Phahameng
Matla a sebetsang a betri e le 'ngoe ea lithium-ion ke 3.7V (karolelano ea boleng), e lekanang le libeteri tse tharo tsa nickel-cadmium kapa nickel-metal hydride tse kopantsoeng ka letoto.

C. Ha ho tšilafalo
Libetri tsa lithium-ion ha li na litšepe tse kotsi tse kang cadmium, lead, le mercury.

D. Ha e na metallic lithium
Libetri tsa lithium-ion ha li na lithium tsa tšepe 'me ka hona ha li tlas'a melaoana e kang thibelo ea ho jara libeteri tsa lithium sefofaneng sa baeti.

E. Bophelo ba potoloho e phahameng
Tlas'a maemo a tloaelehileng, libeteri tsa lithium-ion li ka ba le lipotoloho tse fetang 500 tsa ho tjhaja.

F. Ha ho phello ea mohopolo
Phello ea memori e bua ka ketsahalo ea hore bokhoni ba betri ea nickel-cadmium bo fokotsehile nakong ea potoloho ea ho tjhaja le ho ntša.Libetri tsa lithium-ion ha li na phello ena.

G. Ho tjhaja kapele
Ho sebelisa tjhaja ea kamehla ea hona joale le ea kamehla ea motlakase e nang le motlakase o lekantsoeng oa 4.2V ho ka tjhaja betri ea lithium-ion ka hora ka hora e le 'ngoe ho isa ho tse peli.

Lithium Battery - Molao-motheo le Sebopeho sa Battery ea Lithium
1. Sebopeho le molao-motheo oa ts'ebetso oa betri ea lithium ion: Seo ho thoeng ke betri ea lithium ion e bua ka betri ea bobeli e entsoeng ka metsoako e 'meli e ka fetolang le ho senya li-ion tsa lithium e le li-electrode tse ntle le tse mpe.Batho ba bitsa betri ena ea lithium-ion ka mochine o ikhethang, o itšetlehileng ka ho fetisoa ha li-ion tsa lithium pakeng tsa li-electrode tse ntle le tse mpe ho phethela tefiso ea betri le ts'ebetso ea ho ntša, e le "betri ea setulo sa rocking", eo ka tloaelo e tsejoang e le "betri ea lithium" .Nka LiCoO2 e le mohlala: (1) Ha betri e lefisoa, li-ion tsa lithium li tlosoa ho tloha ho electrode e ntle 'me li kopane ka har'a electrode e mpe,' me ka tsela e fapaneng ha e tsoa.Sena se hloka electrode hore e be boemong ba lithium intercalation pele ho kopano.Ka kakaretso, lithium intercalation transition metal oxide e nang le bokhoni bo boholo ho feta 3V e amanang le lithium le e tsitsitseng moeeng e khethoa e le electrode e ntle, e kang LiCoO2, LiNiO2, LiMn2O4, LiFePO4.(2) Bakeng sa lisebelisoa tseo e leng li-electrode tse mpe, khetha li-intercalable lithium metsoako eo bokhoni ba eona bo leng haufi le matla a lithium ka hohle kamoo ho ka khonehang.Mohlala, lisebelisoa tse fapaneng tsa khabone li kenyelletsa graphite ea tlhaho, graphite ea maiketsetso, fiber ea carbon, mesophase spherical carbon, joalo-joalo le li-oxide tsa tšepe, ho kenyelletsa SnO, SnO2, Tin composite oxide SnBxPyOz (x=0.4～0.6, y=0.6~0.4, z= (2+3x+5y)/2) joalo-joalo.

lithium betri
2. Betri ka kakaretso e kenyelletsa: positive, negative, electrolyte, separator, lead lead, negative plate, central terminal, insulating material (insulator), valve security ( safetyvent), sealing ring (gasket), PTC (positive control control terminal), mokotla oa betri.Ka kakaretso, batho ba amehile haholo ka electrode e ntle, electrode e mpe, le electrolyte.

lithium betri
Papiso ea sebopeho sa betri ea lithium-ion
Ho ea ka lisebelisoa tse fapaneng tsa cathode, e arotsoe ka tšepe ea lithium, cobalt lithium, manganese lithium, joalo-joalo;
Ho tloha sehlopheng sa sebopeho, ka kakaretso e arotsoe ka cylindrical le square, le polymer lithium ions le tsona li ka etsoa ka sebopeho leha e le sefe;
Ho ea ka lisebelisoa tse fapaneng tsa electrolyte tse sebelisoang libeteri tsa lithium-ion, libeteri tsa lithium-ion li ka aroloa ka mekhahlelo e 'meli: libeteri tsa lithium-ion tsa metsi (LIB) le libeteri tsa lithium-ion tse tiileng.PLIB) ke mofuta oa betri ea lithium-ion e tiileng.

electrolyte
Shell/Package Barrier Collector ea Hona Joale
Mokelikeli oa betri ea lithium-ion Mokelikeli oa tšepe e sa hloekang, aluminium 25μPE foil ea koporo le aluminium foil polymer lithium-ion battery colloidal polymer aluminium/PP composite filimi ntle le mokoallo kapa e le 'ngoe μPE foil ea koporo le aluminium foil

Libetri tsa Lithium - Mosebetsi oa Libetri tsa Lithium Ion

1. Matla a phahameng a matla
Ha ho bapisoa le li-betri tsa NI / CD kapa tsa NI/MH tsa matla a tšoanang, libeteri tsa lithium-ion li bobebe ka boima ba tsona, 'me matla a tsona a khethehileng ke makhetlo a 1.5 ho isa ho a 2 ho feta a mefuta ena e 'meli ea libeteri.

2. Matla a phahameng
Libetri tsa lithium-ion li sebelisa li-electrode tsa lithium tse nang le electronegative tse ngata haholo ho fihlela matla a ho qetela a fihlang ho 3.7V, e leng matla a makhetlo a mararo a betri ea NI/CD kapa NI/MH.

3. E sa silafatsang, e se nang botsoalle ho tikoloho

4. Bophelo ba potoloho e telele
Nako ea bophelo e feta makhetlo a 500

5. Boima bo phahameng ba mojaro
Libetri tsa Lithium-ion li ka lula li tsoa ka matla a maholo, e le hore betri ena e ka sebelisoa lisebelisoa tse matla tse kang lik'hamera le likhomphutha tsa laptop.

6. Tšireletso e babatsehang
Ka lebaka la tšebeliso ea lisebelisoa tse ntle tsa anode, bothata ba kholo ea lithium dendrite nakong ea ho tjhaja betri bo hlōloa, bo ntlafatsang haholo polokeho ea libeteri tsa lithium-ion.Ka nako e ts'oanang, lisebelisoa tse khethehileng tse ka khutlisoang lia khethoa ho netefatsa polokeho ea betri nakong ea ts'ebeliso.

Lithium betri - Mokhoa oa ho tjhaja betri ea lithium ion
Mokhoa oa 1. Pele betri ea lithium-ion e tloha fekthering, moetsi o entse phekolo ea ts'ebetso le ho qosoa pele, kahoo betri ea lithium-ion e na le matla a setseng, 'me betri ea lithium-ion e qosoa ho ea ka nako ea phetoho.Nako ena ea tokiso e tlameha ho etsoa makhetlo a 3 ho isa ho a 5 ka botlalo.Hlakola.
Mokhoa oa 2. Pele o tjhaja, betri ea lithium-ion ha e hloke ho lokolloa ka ho khetheha.Ho tsoa ka mokhoa o sa nepahalang ho tla senya betri.Ha o tjhaja, leka ho tjhaja butle le ho fokotsa ho tjhaja kapele;nako ha ea lokela ho feta lihora tse 24.Ke feela ka mor'a hore betri e kene ka makhetlo a mararo ho isa ho a mahlano a ho tjhaja ka ho feletseng le ho lahla moo lik'hemik'hale tsa eona tsa ka hare li tla "kenngoa" ka botlalo bakeng sa tšebeliso e nepahetseng.
Mokhoa oa 3. Ka kopo sebelisa tjhaja ea mantlha kapa tjhaja ea lebitso e tsebahalang.Bakeng sa libeteri tsa lithium, sebelisa tjhaja e khethehileng bakeng sa libeteri tsa lithium 'me u latele litaelo.Ho seng joalo, betri e tla senyeha kapa e be kotsing.
Mokhoa oa 4. Betri e sa tsoa rekoa ke lithium ion, kahoo linako tsa pele tsa 3 ho isa ho tse 5 tsa ho tjhaja hangata li bitsoa nako ea ho lokisa, 'me e lokela ho lefisoa lihora tse fetang 14 ho netefatsa hore mosebetsi oa lithium ion o sebetsa ka botlalo.Libetri tsa lithium-ion ha li na phello ea mohopolo, empa li na le inertness e matla.Li lokela ho etsoa ka botlalo ho netefatsa ts'ebetso e ntle ka ho fetisisa lits'ebetsong tse tlang.
Mokhoa oa 5. Betri ea lithium-ion e tlameha ho sebelisa tjhaja e khethehileng, ho seng joalo e ka 'na ea se ke ea fihla boemong ba saturation' me ea ama mosebetsi oa eona.Kamora ho tjhaja, qoba ho e beha tjhajang nako e fetang dihora tse 12, mme o arole betri ho sehlahiswa sa elektronike se selefouno ha e sa sebedise nako e telele.

Lithium betri - sebelisa
Ka nts'etsopele ea theknoloji ea microelectronics lekholong la mashome a mabeli la lilemo, lisebelisoa tse nyenyane li ntse li eketseha letsatsi le letsatsi, e leng se hlahisang litlhoko tse phahameng tsa phepelo ea motlakase.Joale libetri tsa lithium li kene sethaleng se seholo se sebetsang.
E ile ea sebelisoa ka lekhetlo la pele ho li-pacemaker tsa pelo.Hobane sekhahla sa ho itšehla thajana sa libeteri tsa lithium se tlase haholo, motlakase oa motlakase o moepa.E etsa hore ho khonehe ho kenya pacemaker 'meleng oa motho nako e telele.
Libetri tsa lithium ka kakaretso li na le motlakase o phahameng ho feta 3.0 volts 'me li loketse phepelo ea motlakase e kopaneng ea potoloho.Libetri tsa manganese dioxide li sebelisoa haholo lik’homphieutheng, li- calculator, lik’hamera le lioache.

Mohlala oa kopo
1. Ho na le lipakete tse ngata tsa betri tse ka nkelang sebaka sa tokiso ea pakete ea betri: joalo ka tse sebelisoang likhomphuthang tsa bukana.Ka mor'a ho lokisa, ho fumanoa hore ha pakete ena ea betri e senyehile, ke libeteri tsa motho ka mong feela tse nang le mathata.E ka nkeloa sebaka ke betri ea lithium e loketseng sele e le 'ngoe.
2. Ho etsa lebone le lenyenyane le khanyang haholo Mongoli o kile a sebelisa 3.6V1.6AH betri e le 'ngoe ea lithium e nang le tube e tšoeu e khanyang ka ho fetisisa e khanyang ho etsa toche e nyenyane, e leng bonolo ho e sebelisa, e kopane le e ntle.'Me ka lebaka la matla a maholo a betri, e ka sebelisoa halofo ea hora bosiu bo bong le bo bong ka karolelano,' me e 'nile ea sebelisoa nako e fetang likhoeli tse peli ntle le ho tjhaja.
3. Mofuta o mong oa motlakase oa 3V

Hobane motlakase oa betri ea lithium e le 'ngoe ke 3.6V.Ka hona, betri e le 'ngoe feela ea lithium e ka nka sebaka sa libeteri tse peli tse tloaelehileng ho fana ka matla ho lisebelisoa tse nyenyane tsa ntlo tse kang seea-le-moea, li-walkman, lik'hamera, joalo-joalo, e seng feela boima ba boima, empa hape e tšoarella nako e telele.

Lithium-ion battery anode material - lithium titanate

E ka kopanngoa le lithium manganate, lisebelisoa tsa ternary kapa lithium iron phosphate le lisebelisoa tse ling tse ntle ho theha 2.4V kapa 1.9V lithium ion secondary libetri.Ho phaella moo, e ka boela ea sebelisoa e le electrode e ntle ho theha betri ea lithium ea 1.5V ka tšepe ea lithium kapa lithium alloy negative electrode secondary battery.

Ka lebaka la tšireletso e phahameng, botsitso bo phahameng, nako e telele le litšobotsi tse tala tsa lithium titanate.Ho ka boleloa esale pele hore thepa ea lithium titanate e tla fetoha lisebelisoa tse mpe tsa electrode tsa moloko o mocha oa libeteri tsa lithium ion ka lilemo tse 2-3 'me li sebelisoe haholo likoloing tse ncha tsa motlakase, lithuthuthu tsa motlakase le tse hlokang tšireletso e phahameng, botsitso bo phahameng le potoloho e telele.sebaka sa kopo.Matla a sebetsang a betri ea lithium titanate ke 2.4V, matla a phahameng ka ho fetisisa ke 3.0V, 'me hona joale ho tjhaja ho fihla ho 2C.

Sebopeho sa betri ea lithium titanate
Electrode e ntle: lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganate kapa ternary material, lithium nickel manganate.
Electrode e mpe: lisebelisoa tsa lithium titanate.
Barriers: Thibelo ea hona joale ea lithium battery e nang le carbon e le electrode e mpe.
Electrolyte: Lithium battery electrolyte e nang le carbon e le electrode e mpe.
Case ea betri: Case ea betri ea lithium e nang le khabone joalo ka eleketrode e mpe.

Melemo ea libeteri tsa lithium titanate: ho khetha likoloi tsa motlakase ho nka sebaka sa likoloi tsa mafura ke khetho e ntle ka ho fetisisa ea ho rarolla tšilafalo ea tikoloho ea litoropo.Har'a tsona, libeteri tsa matla tsa lithium-ion li hohetse tlhokomelo e kholo ea bafuputsi.E le ho finyella litlhoko tsa likoloi tsa motlakase bakeng sa li-betri tsa matla tsa lithium-ion ka board, lipatlisiso le nts'etsopele Lisebelisoa tse mpe tse nang le tšireletso e phahameng, ts'ebetso e ntle ea ts'ebetso le nako e telele ke libaka tsa eona tse chesang le mathata.

Li-electrode tse mpe tsa betri ea lithium-ion haholo-holo li sebelisa lisebelisoa tsa khabone, empa ho ntse ho na le mathata a mang ts'ebelisong ea libeteri tsa lithium tse sebelisang carbon joalo ka eleketrode e mpe:
1. Lithium dendrites li kenngoa habonolo nakong ea ho tjhaja ho feta tekano, ho fella ka potoloho e khutšoanyane ea betri le ho ama ts'ebetso ea ts'ireletso ea betri ea lithium;
2. Ho bonolo ho theha filimi ea SEI, e hlahisang tefiso e tlase ea pele le matla a ho ntša matla le matla a maholo a ke keng a fetoloa;
3. Ke hore, mocheso oa sethala oa lisebelisoa tsa carbon o tlaase (haufi le tšepe ea lithium), 'me ho bonolo ho baka ho senyeha ha electrolyte, e tla tlisa likotsi tsa ts'ireletso.
4. Nakong ea ho kenngoa ha lithium ion le ho ntša, molumo o fetoha haholo, 'me botsitso ba potoloho bo futsanehile.

Ha ho bapisoa le lisebelisoa tsa carbon, mofuta oa spinel Li4Ti5012 o na le melemo e mengata:
1. Ke lisebelisoa tsa zero-strain mme e na le ts'ebetso e ntle ea ho potoloha;
2. Motlakase oa ho ntša motlakase o tsitsitse, 'me electrolyte e ke ke ea senyeha, ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea ts'ireletso ea libeteri tsa lithium;
3. Ha ho bapisoa le lisebelisoa tsa carbon anode, lithium titanate e na le coefficient e phahameng ea lithium ion diffusion (2 * 10-8cm2 / s), 'me e ka lefisoa le ho lokolloa ka tekanyo e phahameng.
4. Monyetla oa lithium titanate o phahame ho feta oa lithium ea tšepe e hloekileng, 'me ha ho bonolo ho hlahisa lithium dendrites, e fanang ka motheo oa ho netefatsa polokeho ea libeteri tsa lithium.

potoloho ea tlhokomelo
E na le li-transistors tse peli tsa ts'ebetso ea tšimo le sebaka se inehetseng sa tlhokomelo se kopantsoeng thibela S-8232.The overcharge control tube FET2 le overdischarge control tube FET1 li hokahane ka letoto la potoloho, 'me matla a betri a behiloe leihlo le ho laoloa ke IC ea tlhokomelo.Ha motlakase oa betri o nyolohela ho 4.2V , tube ea FET1 ea tokiso e fetang tekano ea tima, 'me ho tjhaja ho emisitsoe.E le ho qoba ho se sebetse, hangata capacitor ea ho lieha e eketsoa ho potoloho e ka ntle.Ha betri e sa sebetse, matla a betri a theohela ho 2.55.