Batiri ya Litiyumu iranga bateri ya Litiyumu

Batiri ya Litiyumu ni ubwoko bwa bateri ikoresha ibyuma bya lithium cyangwa lithium alloy nkibikoresho bya electrode mbi kandi ikoresha igisubizo cya electrolyte idafite amazi.Bateri ya mbere ya lithium yaturutse mubyavumbuwe bikomeye Edison.

Batteri ya Litiyumu - Batteri ya Litiyumu

Batiri
Batiri ya Litiyumu ni ubwoko bwa bateri ikoresha ibyuma bya lithium cyangwa lithium alloy nkibikoresho bya electrode mbi kandi ikoresha igisubizo cya electrolyte idafite amazi.Bateri ya mbere ya lithium yaturutse mubyavumbuwe bikomeye Edison.

Kuberako imiti yimiti ya lithium ikora cyane, gutunganya, kubika no gukoresha ibyuma bya lithium bifite byinshi bisabwa kubidukikije.Kubwibyo, bateri ya lithium ntabwo imaze igihe kinini ikoreshwa.

Hamwe niterambere ryikoranabuhanga rya mikorobe mu kinyejana cya makumyabiri, ibikoresho bya miniaturizasi bigenda byiyongera umunsi ku munsi, ibyo bikaba bitanga ibisabwa cyane kugirango amashanyarazi abeho.Batteri ya Litiyumu noneho yinjiye murwego runini rufatika.

Yakoreshejwe bwa mbere muri pacemakers yumutima.Kuberako igipimo cyo kwisohora cya batiri ya lithium kiri hasi cyane, voltage yo gusohora irakomeye.Bituma bishoboka gushira pacemaker mumubiri wumuntu igihe kirekire.

Batteri ya Litiyumu muri rusange ifite voltage nominal irenga 3.0 volt kandi irakwiriye cyane kubitanga amashanyarazi.Batteri ya dioxyde de Manganese ikoreshwa cyane muri mudasobwa, kubara, kamera, n'amasaha.

Kugirango utezimbere ubwoko butandukanye nibikorwa byiza, ibikoresho bitandukanye byarigishijwe.Hanyuma ukore ibicuruzwa nka mbere.Kurugero, bateri ya lithium sulfur dioxyde na batiri ya lithium thionyl chloride iratandukanye cyane.Ibikoresho byabo byiza bikora nabyo birashobora gukemura electrolyte.Iyi miterere irahari gusa muri sisitemu idafite amashanyarazi.Kubwibyo, ubushakashatsi bwa bateri ya lithium nabwo bwateje imbere iterambere ryimyumvire yamashanyarazi ya sisitemu idafite amazi.Usibye gukoresha imiti itandukanye idafite amazi, hakozwe kandi ubushakashatsi kuri bateri ya polymer thin-firime.

Mu 1992, Sony yateje imbere bateri ya lithium-ion.Porogaramu ifatika igabanya cyane uburemere nubunini bwibikoresho bya elegitoroniki bigendanwa nka terefone igendanwa na mudasobwa ya ikaye.Igihe cyo gukoresha cyongerewe cyane.Kubera ko bateri ya lithium-ion idafite chromium iremereye cyane, ugereranije na bateri ya nikel-chromium, umwanda ku bidukikije uragabanuka cyane.

1. Bateri ya Litiyumu-ion
Batteri ya Litiyumu-ion ubu igabanijwemo ibyiciro bibiri: bateri ya lithium-ion y'amazi (LIBs) na bateri ya polymer lithium-ion (PLBs).Muri byo, bateri ya lithium ion ya batiri yerekeza kuri batiri ya kabiri aho Li + intercalation compound ari electrode nziza kandi mbi.Electrode nziza ihitamo lithium ivanze LiCoO2 cyangwa LiMn2O4, naho electrode mbi ihitamo lithium-karubone interlayer.Batteri ya Litiyumu-ion nimbaraga nziza ziterambere ryikinyejana cya 21 kubera imbaraga zayo zikora cyane, ingano ntoya, uburemere bworoheje, ingufu nyinshi, nta ngaruka zo kwibuka, nta mwanda uhari, kwiyangiza gake, hamwe nubuzima burebure.

2. Amateka magufi yiterambere rya batiri ya lithium-ion
Batteri ya Litiyumu na batiri ya lithium ni bateri nshya zifite ingufu nyinshi zateye imbere neza mu kinyejana cya 20.Electrode mbi yiyi batiri ni lithium yicyuma, na electrode nziza ni MnO2, SOCL2, (CFx) n, nibindi. Byakoreshejwe muburyo bwa 1970.Kubera ingufu nyinshi, ingufu za batiri nyinshi, ubushyuhe bwagutse bwo gukora, hamwe nubuzima burebure, bwakoreshejwe cyane mubikoresho bito byamashanyarazi bya gisivili nabasivili, nka terefone igendanwa, mudasobwa zigendanwa, kamera za videwo, kamera, nibindi, igice gusimbuza bateri gakondo..

3. Amajyambere yiterambere rya bateri ya lithium-ion
Batteri ya Litiyumu-ion yakoreshejwe cyane mubikoresho bigendanwa nka mudasobwa igendanwa, kamera za videwo, n’itumanaho rya terefone igendanwa kubera ibyiza byihariye bikora.Bateri nini ya lithium-ion yatunganijwe ubu yageragejwe mu binyabiziga by’amashanyarazi, kandi bivugwa ko izaba imwe mu masoko y'ibanze y’amashanyarazi mu kinyejana cya 21, ikazakoreshwa mu byogajuru, mu kirere no mu kubika ingufu. .

4. Igikorwa cyibanze cya bateri
(1) Umuyoboro ufunguye wa voltage ya bateri
(2) Kurwanya imbere muri bateri
(3) Umuvuduko ukora wa bateri

(4) Kwishyuza voltage
Umuvuduko wamashanyarazi bivuga voltage ikoreshwa kumpande zombi za batiri ukoresheje amashanyarazi yo hanze mugihe bateri ya kabiri irimo kwishyurwa.Uburyo bwibanze bwo kwishyuza burimo kwishyuza buri gihe hamwe no guhora wishyuza.Mubisanzwe, guhora kwishyuza birakoreshwa, kandi ibiyiranga nuko amashanyarazi yumuriro ahamye mugihe cyo kwishyuza.Mugihe kwishyuza bigenda bitera imbere, ibikoresho bikora biragarurwa, agace ka electrode gahora gahinduka, kandi polarisiyasi ya moteri ikiyongera buhoro buhoro.

(5) Ubushobozi bwa Bateri
Ubushobozi bwa Batteri bivuga umubare w'amashanyarazi yakuwe muri bateri, ubusanzwe agaragazwa na C, kandi ubusanzwe igice kigaragazwa na Ah cyangwa mAh.Ubushobozi nintego yingenzi yo gukora amashanyarazi ya batiri.Ubushobozi bwa bateri busanzwe bugabanijemo ubushobozi bwa theoretical, ubushobozi bufatika nubushobozi bwapimwe.

Ubushobozi bwa bateri bugenwa nubushobozi bwa electrode.Niba ubushobozi bwa electrode butangana, ubushobozi bwa bateri buterwa na electrode ifite ubushobozi buke, ariko ntabwo bivuze rwose igiteranyo cyubushobozi bwa electrode nziza kandi mbi.

(6) Imikorere yo kubika nubuzima bwa bateri
Kimwe mu bintu by'ibanze biranga ingufu z'imiti ni uko zishobora kurekura ingufu z'amashanyarazi mugihe zikoreshwa kandi zikabika ingufu z'amashanyarazi mugihe zidakoreshejwe.Ibikorwa byitwa ububiko nubushobozi bwo gukomeza kwishyuza bateri ya kabiri.

Kubireba bateri ya kabiri, ubuzima bwa serivisi nibintu byingenzi byo gupima imikorere ya bateri.Batiri ya kabiri irishyurwa kandi isohoka rimwe, bita cycle (cyangwa cycle).Mugihe runaka cyo kwishyuza no gusohora, umubare wigihe cyo kwishyuza no gusohora bateri ishobora kwihanganira mbere yuko ubushobozi bwa bateri bugera ku gaciro runaka byitwa cycle cycle ya batiri ya kabiri.Batteri ya Litiyumu-ion ifite imikorere myiza yo kubika hamwe nubuzima burebure.

Batteri ya Litiyumu - Ibiranga
A. Ubucucike bukabije
Uburemere bwa batiri ya lithium-ion ni kimwe cya kabiri cya bateri ya nikel-kadmium cyangwa nikel-hydrogen ifite ingufu zingana, kandi ingano ni 40-50% ya nikel-kadmium na 20-30% ya bateri ya nikel-hydrogen .

B. Umuvuduko mwinshi
Umuvuduko ukoreshwa wa batiri imwe ya lithium-ion ni 3.7V (agaciro kagereranijwe), bihwanye na bateri eshatu za nikel-kadmium cyangwa nikel-icyuma cya hydride ya hydride ihujwe murukurikirane.

C. Nta mwanda uhari
Batteri ya Litiyumu-ion ntabwo irimo ibyuma byangiza nka kadmium, gurş, na mercure.

D. Ntabwo irimo lithium yumutare
Batteri ya Litiyumu-ion ntabwo irimo lithium metallic bityo rero ntigengwa n’amabwiriza nko kubuza gutwara bateri ya lithium mu ndege zitwara abagenzi.

E. Ubuzima bwo hejuru
Mubihe bisanzwe, bateri ya lithium-ion irashobora kugira inshuro zirenga 500 zokwirukana-gusohora.

F. Nta ngaruka zo kwibuka
Ingaruka yo kwibuka yerekana ibintu byerekana ko ubushobozi bwa bateri ya nikel-kadmium igabanuka mugihe cyo kwishyuza no gusohora.Batteri ya Litiyumu-ion ntabwo ifite iyi ngaruka.

G. Kwishyuza byihuse
Ukoresheje amashanyarazi ahoraho kandi ahoraho yumuriro wa voltage hamwe na voltage yagereranijwe ya 4.2V irashobora kwishyuza byuzuye bateri ya lithium-ion mumasaha imwe cyangwa abiri.

Bateri ya Litiyumu - Ihame n'imiterere ya Batiri ya Litiyumu
1. Imiterere nihame ryakazi rya batiri ya lithium: Batiri bita batiri ya lithium ion bivuga bateri ya kabiri igizwe nibintu bibiri bishobora guhinduranya no gutandukanya lithium ion nka electrode nziza kandi mbi.Abantu bita bateri ya lithium-ion hamwe nuburyo bwihariye, bushingiye ku ihererekanyabubasha rya lithium hagati ya electrode nziza kandi mbi kugirango barangize amashanyarazi ya batiri no gusohora, nka "bateri yintebe yintebe", bakunze kwita "batiri ya lithium" .Fata LiCoO2 nk'urugero: (1) Iyo bateri yashizwemo, ion ya lithium itandukanijwe na electrode nziza kandi igahuzwa na electrode mbi, naho ubundi iyo isohotse.Ibi bisaba electrode kuba mumiterere ya lithium intercalation mbere yo guterana.Mubisanzwe, lithium intercalation yinzibacyuho yicyuma gifite ubushobozi burenze 3V ugereranije na lithium kandi ihagaze mukirere cyatoranijwe nka electrode nziza, nka LiCoO2, LiNiO2, LiMn2O4, LiFePO4..Kurugero, ibikoresho bitandukanye bya karubone birimo grafite karemano, grafitike yubukorikori, fibre karubone, mesofase spherical carbone, nibindi na oxyde yicyuma, harimo SnO, SnO2, Tin composite oxyde SnBxPyOz (x = 0.4 ～ 0.6, y = 0,6 ～ 0.4, z = (2 + 3x + 5y) / 2) n'ibindi

Batiri
2. Batare muri rusange ikubiyemo: ibyiza, bibi, electrolyte, itandukanya, icyerekezo cyiza, isahani itari nziza, itumanaho hagati, ibikoresho byikingira (insulator), valve yumutekano (umutekano), impeta ifunga (gasketi), PTC (itumanaho ryiza ryubushyuhe), ikariso.Mubisanzwe, abantu bahangayikishijwe cyane na electrode nziza, electrode mbi, na electrolyte.

Batiri
Kugereranya imiterere ya batiri ya Litiyumu-ion
Ukurikije ibikoresho bitandukanye bya cathode, bigabanyijemo litiro ya fer, cobalt lithium, manganese lithium, nibindi.;
Uhereye ku miterere y'ibyiciro, muri rusange igabanijwemo silindrike na kare, kandi ioni ya polymer lithium nayo irashobora gukorwa muburyo ubwo aribwo bwose;
Ukurikije ibikoresho bitandukanye bya electrolyte bikoreshwa muri bateri ya lithium-ion, bateri ya lithium-ion irashobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bibiri: bateri ya lithium-ion y'amazi (LIB) na bateri ya litiro-ion ikomeye.PLIB) ni ubwoko bwa bateri ya lithium-ion ikomeye.

amashanyarazi
Igikonoshwa / Ipaki ya bariyeri Yegeranye
Bateri ya Lithium-ion Batiri Amazi yumuringa, aluminium 25μPE umuringa wumuringa hamwe na aluminium foil polymer lithium-ion bateri ya colloidal polymer aluminium / PP ikomatanya idafite inzitizi cyangwa icyuma kimwe cya μPE cyumuringa hamwe na aluminium

Batteri ya Litiyumu - Imikorere ya Batiri ya Litiyumu Ion

1. Ubucucike bukabije
Ugereranije na bateri ya NI / CD cyangwa NI / MH ifite ubushobozi bumwe, bateri ya lithium-ion yoroshye muburemere, kandi ingufu zayo zihariye zikubye inshuro 1.5 kugeza kuri 2 zubwoko bubiri bwa bateri.

2. Umuvuduko mwinshi
Batteri ya Litiyumu-ion ikoresha electronegative element irimo lithium electrode kugirango igere kuri voltage ya terefone igera kuri 3.7V, ikubye inshuro eshatu ingufu za batiri ya NI / CD cyangwa NI / MH.

3. Kudahumanya, kwangiza ibidukikije

4. Ubuzima burebure
Igihe cyo kubaho kirenga inshuro 500

5. Ubushobozi bwo gutwara ibintu byinshi
Batteri ya Litiyumu-ion irashobora guhora isohoka hamwe numuyoboro munini, kugirango iyi bateri ikoreshwe mubikoresho bifite ingufu nyinshi nka kamera na mudasobwa zigendanwa.

6. Umutekano uhebuje
Kubera gukoresha ibikoresho byiza bya anode, ikibazo cyo gukura kwa lithium dendrite mugihe cyo kwishyuza bateri kiratsindwa, biteza imbere cyane umutekano wa bateri ya lithium-ion.Mugihe kimwe, ibikoresho byihariye bishobora kugarurwa byatoranijwe kugirango umutekano wa bateri ukoreshwe.

Batiri ya Litiyumu - Uburyo bwo kwishyiriraho batiri ya Litiyumu
Uburyo 1. Mbere yuko bateri ya lithium-ion iva mu ruganda, uwabikoze yakoze uburyo bwo kuvura no kubanza kwishyurwa, bityo bateri ya lithium-ion ifite ingufu zisigaye, kandi batiri ya lithium-ion yishyurwa hakurikijwe igihe cyo guhindura.Iki gihe cyo guhindura kigomba gukorwa inshuro 3 kugeza kuri 5 zose.Gusezererwa.
Uburyo 2. Mbere yo kwishyuza, bateri ya lithium-ion ntabwo ikenera gusohoka byumwihariko.Gusohora bidakwiye byangiza bateri.Mugihe cyo kwishyuza, gerageza gukoresha buhoro buhoro kandi ugabanye kwishyurwa byihuse;igihe ntigishobora kurenza amasaha 24.Gusa nyuma yuko bateri imaze kwishyurwa inshuro eshatu kugeza kuri eshanu zuzuye hamwe no gusohora inzinguzingo imiti yimbere izaba "ikora" rwose kugirango ikoreshwe neza.
Uburyo 3. Nyamuneka koresha charger yumwimerere cyangwa charger izwi.Kuri bateri ya lithium, koresha charger idasanzwe kuri bateri ya lithium hanyuma ukurikize amabwiriza.Bitabaye ibyo, bateri izaba yangiritse cyangwa niyo ishobora guhura n'ingaruka.
Uburyo 4. Bateri nshya yaguzwe ni lithium ion, kubwibyo inshuro 3 kugeza kuri 5 yambere yo kwishyuza byitwa igihe cyo guhindura, kandi igomba kwishyurwa amasaha arenga 14 kugirango ibikorwa bya ioni ya lithium bikore neza.Batteri ya Litiyumu-ion ntabwo igira ingaruka zo kwibuka, ariko ifite inertness ikomeye.Bagomba gukora neza kugirango barebe imikorere myiza mubisabwa ejo hazaza.
Uburyo 5. Batiri ya lithium-ion igomba gukoresha charger idasanzwe, bitabaye ibyo ntishobora kugera kumyuzure kandi ikagira ingaruka kumikorere yayo.Nyuma yo kwishyuza, irinde kuyishyira kuri charger mugihe cyamasaha arenga 12, kandi utandukanye bateri nibicuruzwa bya elegitoroniki bigendanwa mugihe bidakoreshejwe igihe kinini.

Batiri ya Litiyumu - koresha
Hamwe niterambere ryikoranabuhanga rya mikorobe mu kinyejana cya makumyabiri, ibikoresho bya miniaturizasi bigenda byiyongera umunsi ku munsi, ibyo bikaba bitanga ibisabwa cyane kugirango amashanyarazi abeho.Batteri ya Litiyumu noneho yinjiye murwego runini rufatika.
Yakoreshejwe bwa mbere muri pacemakers yumutima.Kuberako igipimo cyo kwisohora cya batiri ya lithium kiri hasi cyane, voltage yo gusohora irakomeye.Bituma bishoboka gushira pacemaker mumubiri wumuntu igihe kirekire.
Batteri ya Litiyumu muri rusange ifite voltage nominal irenga 3.0 volt kandi irakwiriye cyane kubitanga amashanyarazi.Batteri ya dioxyde de Manganese ikoreshwa cyane muri mudasobwa, kubara, kamera, n'amasaha.

Urugero rwo gusaba
1. Hariho paki nyinshi za batiri nkizisimbuza gusana paki ya batiri: nkibikoreshwa muri mudasobwa ya ikaye.Nyuma yo gusana, usanga iyo paki ya batiri yangiritse, bateri imwe yonyine ifite ibibazo.Irashobora gusimburwa na bateri imwe ya selile ikwiye.
2. Gukora itara rike cyane-ryaka cyane Umwanditsi yigeze gukoresha bateri imwe ya 3.6V1.6AH ya litiro hamwe na tari yera yera-yaka cyane itanga urumuri rwo gukora urumuri ruto, rworoshye gukoresha, rworoshye kandi rwiza.Kandi kubera ubushobozi bwa bateri nini, irashobora gukoreshwa mugice cyisaha buri joro ugereranije, kandi imaze amezi arenga abiri idakoreshwa.
3. Ubundi buryo bwo gutanga amashanyarazi 3V

Kuberako ingufu za batiri ya lithium ya selile imwe ni 3.6V.Kubwibyo, bateri imwe ya lithium irashobora gusimbuza bateri ebyiri zisanzwe kugirango itange ingufu mubikoresho bito byo murugo nka radio, kugenda, kamera, nibindi, ntabwo byoroshye muburemere gusa, ariko kandi bimara igihe kirekire.

Litiyumu-ion ya batiri anode ibikoresho - lithium titanate

Irashobora guhuzwa na lithium manganate, ibikoresho bya ternary cyangwa fosifate ya lithium fer nibindi bikoresho byiza kugirango ikore bateri ya kabiri ya litiro 2.4V cyangwa 1.9V.Byongeye kandi, irashobora kandi gukoreshwa nka electrode nziza kugirango ikore bateri ya litiro 1.5V hamwe na lithium yicyuma cyangwa lithium alloy itari nziza ya electrode ya kabiri.

Kubera umutekano mwinshi, ituze ryinshi, kuramba hamwe nicyatsi kiranga lithium titanate.Turashobora guhanura ko ibikoresho bya lithium titanate bizahinduka ibikoresho bibi bya electrode yibisekuru bishya bya bateri ya lithium ion mumyaka 2-3 kandi bizakoreshwa cyane mumodoka nshya, moto yamashanyarazi nibisaba umutekano muke, umutekano muke hamwe nigihe kirekire.Umwanya wo gusaba.Umuvuduko ukoreshwa wa batiri ya lithium titanate ni 2.4V, voltage ndende ni 3.0V, naho amashanyarazi agera kuri 2C.

Litiyumu titanate igizwe na batiri
Electrode nziza: lithium fer fosifate, lithium manganate cyangwa ibikoresho bya ternary, lithium nikel manganate.
Electrode mbi: ibikoresho bya lithium.
Inzitizi: Inzitizi ya batiri ya lithium iriho hamwe na karubone nka electrode mbi.
Electrolyte: Litiyumu ya batiri electrolyte hamwe na karubone nka electrode mbi.
Ikarita ya Batiri: Litiyumu ya batiri hamwe na karubone nka electrode mbi.

Ibyiza bya bateri ya lithium titanate: guhitamo ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi kugirango bisimbuze ibinyabiziga bya lisansi nibyiza guhitamo gukemura ibibazo byangiza ibidukikije mumijyi.Muri byo, bateri za lithium-ion zikurura abashakashatsi.Kugirango wuzuze ibisabwa ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi kuri bateri yumuriro wa lithium-ion, ubushakashatsi niterambere. Ibikoresho bibi bifite umutekano mwinshi, imikorere myiza no kuramba ni ahantu hashyushye nibibazo.

Ubucuruzi bwa lithium-ion ya electrode mbi ikoresha cyane cyane ibikoresho bya karubone, ariko haracyari imbogamizi mugukoresha bateri ya lithium ukoresheje karubone nka electrode mbi:
1. Litiyumu dendrite igwa byoroshye mugihe cyo kwishyuza birenze urugero, bikaviramo umuzunguruko muto wa bateri kandi bikagira ingaruka kumikorere yumutekano wa batiri ya lithium;
2. Biroroshye gukora firime ya SEI, bivamo kwishyurwa kwambere no gusohora imbaraga nubushobozi bunini budasubirwaho;
3. Nukuvuga ko imbaraga za platifike yibikoresho bya karubone biri hasi (hafi ya lithium yicyuma), kandi biroroshye gutera kubora kwa electrolyte, bizana umutekano muke.
4. Muburyo bwo kwinjiza lithium ion no kuyikuramo, ingano irahinduka cyane, kandi guhagarara kwizunguruka ni bibi.

Ugereranije nibikoresho bya karubone, Li4Ti5012 yo mu bwoko bwa spinel ifite ibyiza byingenzi:
1. Nibikoresho bya zeru kandi bifite imikorere myiza yo kuzenguruka;
2. Umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi uhagaze neza, kandi electrolyte ntizangirika, bizamura imikorere yumutekano wa bateri ya lithium;
3. Ugereranije nibikoresho bya karubone, lithium titanate ifite coefficient ya lithium ion yo hejuru (2 * 10-8cm2 / s), kandi irashobora kwishyurwa no gusohora ku kigero cyo hejuru.
4. Ubushobozi bwa lithium titanate burenze ubw'icyuma cyiza cya lithium, kandi ntabwo byoroshye kubyara lithium dendrite, itanga umusingi wo kurinda umutekano wa bateri ya lithium.

kubungabunga umuzenguruko
Igizwe na tristoriste ebyiri zo murwego hamwe no kubungabunga ibikoresho byahujwe S-8232.Umuyoboro urenze urugero FET2 hamwe numuyoboro urenze urugero FET1 uhuza urukurikirane rwumuzunguruko, kandi ingufu za bateri zikurikiranwa kandi zikagenzurwa na IC kubungabunga.Iyo ingufu za bateri zazamutse zigera kuri 4.2V, umuyoboro urenze urugero FET1 urazimya, kandi kwishyurwa birarangiye.Kugirango wirinde gukora nabi, ubushobozi bwo gutinda bwongerwaho muri rusange.Iyo bateri iri mumasohoro, ingufu za bateri ziramanuka kugera kuri 2.55.