Hōʻike ka pākaukau Lithium i ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i ka pā uila

ʻO ka pākaukau Lithium kahi ʻano pākaukau e hoʻohana ana i ka metala lithium a i ʻole ka lithium alloy e like me ka mea electrode maikaʻi ʻole a hoʻohana i kahi hopena electrolyte non-aqueous.ʻO ka pākaukau lithium i hōʻike mua ʻia mai ka mea hana nui ʻo Edison.

ʻO nā Bateri Lithium - Nā Bateri Lithium

pākahi lithium
ʻO ka pākaukau Lithium kahi ʻano pākaukau e hoʻohana ana i ka metala lithium a i ʻole ka lithium alloy e like me ka mea electrode maikaʻi ʻole a hoʻohana i kahi hopena electrolyte non-aqueous.ʻO ka pākaukau lithium i hōʻike mua ʻia mai ka mea hana nui ʻo Edison.

No ka mea he ikaika loa nā waiwai kemika o ka metala lithium, ʻo ka hoʻoili ʻana, ka mālama ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka metala lithium he kiʻekiʻe loa nā koi kūlohelohe.No laila, ʻaʻole i hoʻohana ʻia nā pā lithium no ka manawa lōʻihi.

Me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻenehana microelectronics i ke kenekulia iwakālua, ke hoʻonui nei nā mea miniaturized i kēlā me kēia lā, e kau ana i nā koi kiʻekiʻe no ka lako mana.A laila ua komo nā pākahi Lithium i kahi pae hana nui.

Ua hoʻohana mua ʻia i nā pacemaker cardiac.No ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa loa o ka hoʻokuʻu ponoʻī ʻana o nā pā lithium, ʻoi aku ka pali o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana.Hiki iā ia ke hoʻokomo i ka pacemaker i loko o ke kino o ke kanaka no ka manawa lōʻihi.

ʻOi aku ka nui o ka volta liʻiliʻi ma mua o 3.0 volts a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi no nā lako mana kaapuni hoʻohui.Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā pākahiko manganese dioxide i nā kamepiula, nā calculators, nā kāmela, a me nā wati.

No ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻano like me ka hana ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, ua aʻo ʻia nā mea like ʻole.A laila hana i nā huahana e like me ka wā ma mua.ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻokoʻa loa nā pākahi lithium sulfur dioxide a me nā ʻeke lithium thionyl chloride.ʻO kā lākou mea hana maikaʻi he mea hoʻoheheʻe no ka electrolyte.Aia kēia hale i loko o nā ʻōnaehana electrochemical non-aqueous.No laila, ʻo ke aʻo ʻana i nā pā lithium ua hoʻoikaika pū i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka manaʻo electrochemical o nā ʻōnaehana wai ʻole.Ma waho aʻe o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hoʻoheheʻe wai ʻole, ua hoʻokō ʻia ka noiʻi ʻana i nā pilahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni polymer.

I ka makahiki 1992, ua hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻo Sony i nā pākahi lithium-ion.ʻO kāna noi kūpono e hoʻemi nui i ke kaumaha a me ka nui o nā mea uila uila e like me nā kelepona paʻa a me nā kamepiula puke.Hoʻonui nui ʻia ka manawa hoʻohana.No ka mea, ʻaʻole i loaʻa i nā pākahi lithium-ion ka chromium metala koʻikoʻi, ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā pihi nickel-chromium, ua hoʻemi nui ʻia ka pollution i ke kaiapuni.

1. Lithium-ion pākahiko
Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā pākahi Lithium-ion i ʻelua mau ʻāpana: nā pākahi lithium-ion wai (LIBs) a me nā ʻona lithium-ion polymer (PLBs).I waena o lākou, ʻo ka wai lithium ion pākaukau e pili ana i ka lua o ka pākaukau kahi o ka Li + intercalation compound nā electrodes maikaʻi a maikaʻi ʻole.Koho ka electrode maikaʻi i ka pūhui lithium LiCoO2 a i ʻole LiMn2O4, a koho ka electrode maikaʻi ʻole i ka lithium-carbon interlayer compound.ʻO nā pākahi Lithium-ion kahi mana hoʻokele maikaʻi no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ke kenekulia 21 ma muli o ko lākou kiʻekiʻe o ka hana uila, ka liʻiliʻi, ke kaumaha māmā, ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe, ʻaʻohe hopena hoʻomanaʻo, ʻaʻohe pollution, haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa iho, a me ke ola pōʻai lōʻihi.

2. He moʻolelo pōkole o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka pā lithium-ion
ʻO nā ʻokoʻa lithium a me nā ʻona lithium ion he mau ʻona ikaika hou i hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻia i ke kenekulia 20.ʻO ka electrode maikaʻi ʻole o kēia pākaukau he lithium metala, a ʻo ka electrode maikaʻi ʻo MnO2, SOCL2, (CFx)n, etc. Ua hoʻohana pono ʻia i nā makahiki 1970.Ma muli o kona ikehu kiʻekiʻe, kiʻekiʻe o ka uila uila, ākea ka wela o ka hana, a me ka lōʻihi o ka mālama ʻana, ua hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā mea uila liʻiliʻi a me nā kīwila, e like me nā kelepona paʻa, nā kamepiula lawe lima, nā kiʻi wikiō, nā kamera, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. ka pani ana i na pila ku'una..

3. Nā manaʻo hoʻomohala o nā pā lithium-ion
Ua hoʻohana nui ʻia nā ʻona Lithium-ion i nā lako paʻa e like me nā kamepiula kamepiula, nā pahu kiʻi wikiō, a me nā kamaʻilio kelepona ma muli o kā lākou mau pono hana kūikawā.Ua hoʻāʻo ʻia ka pākaukau lithium-ion nui i hoʻomohala ʻia i kēia manawa i nā kaʻa uila, a ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia kekahi o nā kumu mana nui no nā kaʻa uila i ke kenekulia 21, a e hoʻohana ʻia i nā satellite, aerospace a me ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu. .

4. ʻO ka hana kumu o ka pākaukau
(1) ʻO ka uila kaapuni hāmama o ka pila
(2) Ke kū'ē i loko o ka pila
(3) Ka volta hana o ka pila

(4) Hoʻouka uila
E pili ana ka volta hoʻouka i ka volta i hoʻohana ʻia ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ka pākaukau e ka lako mana o waho i ka wā e hoʻopiʻi ʻia ai ka pila lua.ʻO nā ʻano kumu o ka hoʻouka ʻana, ʻo ia ka hoʻouka ʻana i kēia manawa a me ka hoʻouka uila mau.ʻO ka maʻamau, hoʻohana ʻia ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i kēia manawa, a ʻo kona ʻano ʻo ia ka paʻa o ka manawa e hoʻopaʻa ai i ka wā o ke kaʻina hana.Ke hoʻomau nei ka hoʻouka ʻana, hoʻihoʻi ʻia ka mea hana, hoʻemi mau ʻia ka wahi electrode reaction, a hoʻonui mālie ʻia ka polarization o ka kaʻa.

(5) Ka mana o ka pila
ʻO ka mana o ka pākaukau e pili ana i ka nui o ka uila i loaʻa mai ka pākaukau, ka mea maʻamau e hōʻike ʻia e C, a hōʻike pinepine ʻia ka ʻāpana e Ah a i ʻole mAh.ʻO ka hiki ke pahuhopu nui o ka hana uila.Hoʻokaʻawale pinepine ʻia ka mana o ka pākaukau i ka mana theoretical, ka hiki pono a me ka hiki ke helu ʻia.

Hoʻoholo ʻia ka mana pākaukau e ka mana o nā electrodes.Inā ʻaʻole like nā kaha o nā electrodes, pili ka mana o ka pākaukau i ka electrode me ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, akā ʻaʻole ia ka huina o nā kaha o nā electrodes maikaʻi a maikaʻi ʻole.

(6) Hana mālama a me ke ola o ka pila
ʻO kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona nui o nā kumu mana kemika ʻo ia ka hiki ke hoʻokuʻu i ka ikehu uila ke hoʻohana ʻia a mālama i ka ikehu uila ke hoʻohana ʻole ʻia.ʻO ka hana i kapa ʻia ʻo ia ka hiki ke mālama i ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana no ka pā lua.

E pili ana i ka pākaukau lua, ʻo ke ola lawelawe he mea koʻikoʻi ia e ana i ka hana pākaukau.Hoʻopiʻi a hoʻokuʻu ʻia kahi pākahi lua, i kapa ʻia he pōʻai (a i ʻole ka pōʻai).Ma lalo o kekahi kumu hoʻopaʻa a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana, ʻo ka helu o ka hoʻouka ʻana a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i hiki i ka pākaukau ke kū ma mua o ka hiki ʻana o ka pākaukau i kahi waiwai i kapa ʻia ʻo ke kaʻina hana o ka pā lua.Loaʻa ka hana mālama mālama maikaʻi a me ke ola pōʻaiapuni lōʻihi o nā pākahi Lithium-ion.

Nā Bateri Lithium - Nā hiʻohiʻona
A. Kiʻekiʻe ikehu kiʻekiʻe
ʻO ke kaumaha o ka pākaukau lithium-ion he hapalua ia o ka nickel-cadmium a i ʻole nickel-hydrogen battery o ka mana like, a ʻo ka nui he 40-50% o ka nickel-cadmium a me 20-30% o ka nickel-hydrogen battery. .

B. Voltage Kiekie
ʻO ka volta hana o ka pākahi lithium-ion hoʻokahi he 3.7V (waiwai maʻamau), ʻo ia ka like me ʻekolu mau nickel-cadmium a i ʻole nickel-metal hydride batteries i hoʻopili ʻia i ka moʻo.

C. ʻAʻohe haumia
ʻAʻole i loaʻa i nā pākahi Lithium-ion nā metala ʻino e like me ka cadmium, ke kēpau, a me ka mercury.

D. ʻAʻole i loko o ka lithium metala
ʻAʻole i loaʻa i nā ʻona lithium-ion ka lithium metala a no laila ʻaʻole ia i lalo i nā lula e like me ka pāpā ʻana i ka lawe ʻana i nā pā lithium ma nā mokulele mokulele.

E. Ke ola pōʻaiapuni kiʻekiʻe
Ma lalo o nā kūlana maʻamau, hiki i nā pākahi lithium-ion ke loaʻa ma mua o 500 mau manawa hoʻoiho hoʻoiho.

F. ʻAʻohe hopena hoʻomanaʻo
ʻO ka hopena hoʻomanaʻo e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka hiki ke hoʻemi ʻia ka mana o ka pā nickel-cadmium i ka wā o ka hoʻouka ʻana a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana.ʻAʻole i loaʻa kēia hopena i nā pākahi Lithium-ion.

G. Hoʻopiʻi wikiwiki
ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mea paʻa paʻa mau a me ka puʻu uila me ka volta helu o 4.2V hiki ke hoʻopiha piha i ka pā lithium-ion i hoʻokahi a ʻelua mau hola.

Lithium Battery - Ke Kumu a me ke Kapili o ka Battery Lithium
1. Ka hoʻolālā a me ka hana kumu o ka pākaukau lithium ion: ʻO ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo lithium ion pākaukau e pili ana i kahi pākaukau lua i haku ʻia me nā pūhui ʻelua e hiki ke hoʻohuli a hoʻohuli i nā ion lithium e like me nā electrodes maikaʻi a maikaʻi ʻole.Kāhea ka poʻe i kēia pākaukau lithium-ion me kahi hana kū hoʻokahi, e hilinaʻi ana i ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā ion lithium ma waena o nā electrodes maikaʻi a maikaʻi ʻole e hoʻopau ai i ka hana pākaukau a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana, ma ke ʻano he "rocking chair battery", i ʻike nui ʻia ʻo "lithium battery" .E lawe i ka LiCoO2 ma ke ʻano he laʻana: (1) Ke hoʻopiʻi ʻia ka pākaukau, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ion lithium mai ka electrode maikaʻi a hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o ka electrode maikaʻi ʻole, a ʻo ia hoʻi ke hoʻokuʻu ʻia.Pono kēia i kahi electrode i loko o kahi kūlana lithium intercalation ma mua o ka hui ʻana.ʻO ka mea maʻamau, koho ʻia kahi lithium intercalation transition metal oxide me ka mea hiki ke ʻoi aku ma mua o 3V e pili ana i ka lithium a paʻa i ka ea e like me ka electrode maikaʻi, e like me LiCoO2, LiNiO2, LiMn2O4, LiFePO4.(2) No nā mea i loaʻa i nā electrodes maikaʻi ʻole, koho i nā pūhui lithium intercalable nona ka hiki ke kokoke i ka hiki ke hiki.No ka laʻana, loaʻa nā mea kalapona like ʻole i ka graphite maoli, graphite synthetic, carbon fiber, mesophase spherical carbon, etc. a me nā metala oxides, me SnO, SnO2, Tin composite oxide SnBxPyOz (x=0.4～0.6, y=0.6～0.4, z= (2+3x+5y)/2) etc.

pākahi lithium
2. ʻO ka pākaukau maʻamau ka: maikaʻi, ʻino, electrolyte, separator, alakaʻi maikaʻi, pā maikaʻi ʻole, kikowaena kikowaena, insulating mea (insulator), pale valve (safevent), sealing apo (gasket), PTC (positive temperature control terminal), pahu pākahiko.ʻO ka mea maʻamau, hopohopo nui nā kānaka e pili ana i ka electrode maikaʻi, ka electrode maikaʻi ʻole, a me ka electrolyte.

pākahi lithium
Hoʻohālikelike ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ke ʻano o ka pākaukau Lithium-ion
Wahi a nā mea cathode like ʻole, ua māhele ʻia i ka lithium hao, cobalt lithium, manganese lithium, etc.;
Mai ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ke ʻano, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ia i ka cylindrical a me ka square, a hiki ke hana ʻia nā ion lithium polymer i kekahi ʻano;
Wahi a nā mea electrolyte like ʻole i hoʻohana ʻia i loko o nā pā lithium-ion, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻāpana lithium-ion i ʻelua mau ʻāpana: nā ʻona lithium-ion wai (LIB) a me nā pā lithium-ion solid-state.ʻO PLIB) kahi ʻano pākaukau lithium-ion solid-state.

electrolyte
Mea hōʻiliʻili o kēia manawa
ʻO ka pahu lithium-ion wai ʻO ke kila kila kila, aluminika 25μPE keleawe pepa a me ka pahu alumini polymer lithium-ion pākaukau colloidal polymer aluminika/PP composite kiʻiʻoniʻoni me ka pale ʻole a i ʻole hoʻokahi μPE copper foil a me ka pahu alumini.

ʻO nā Bateri Lithium - Ka Hana o nā Bateri Lithium Ion

1. Kiʻekiʻe ikehu puʻupuʻu
Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā pākahi NI/CD a i ʻole NI/MH o ka mana hoʻokahi, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o nā pākahi lithium-ion i ke kaumaha, a ʻo kā lākou nui o ka ikehu kikoʻī he 1.5 a 2 mau manawa o kēia mau ʻano ʻelua.

2. Kiʻekiʻe voltage
Ke hoʻohana nei nā ʻona Lithium-ion i ka electronegative element-containing lithium electrodes no ka loaʻa ʻana o nā voltage terminal e like me ke kiʻekiʻe e like me 3.7V, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻekolu mau manawa o ka volta o nā pila NI/CD a i ʻole NI/MH.

3. ʻAʻole haumia, pili kaiapuni

4. Ke ola pōʻaiapuni lōʻihi
ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o ke ola ma mua o 500 mau manawa

5. Hiki ke hoʻouka kiʻekiʻe
Hiki ke hoʻokuʻu mau ʻia nā pākahi Lithium-ion me kahi ʻāwī nui, i hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kēia pākaukau i nā mea hana mana kiʻekiʻe e like me nā kāmera a me nā kamepiula kamepiula.

6. Palekana maikaʻi loa
Ma muli o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea anode maikaʻi loa, ua lanakila ka pilikia o ka ulu ʻana o ka lithium dendrite i ka wā o ka hoʻouka ʻana o ka pākaukau, kahi e hoʻomaikaʻi nui ai i ka palekana o nā pā lithium-ion.I ka manawa like, koho ʻia nā mea hoʻihoʻi kūikawā e hōʻoia i ka palekana o ka pākaukau i ka wā e hoʻohana ai.

Pākuʻi Lithium - ʻO ke ʻano o ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i ka pā uila
Ke Kaʻina Hana 1. Ma mua o ka haʻalele ʻana o ka pā lithium-ion i ka hale hana, ua hana ka mea hana i ka hoʻōla hoʻōla a hoʻopiʻi mua ʻia, no laila ke koena o ka pā lithium-ion, a hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka pā lithium-ion e like me ka manawa hoʻoponopono.Pono e hoʻokō ʻia kēia manawa hoʻoponopono 3 a 5 mau manawa holoʻokoʻa.Hoʻokuʻu.
ʻO ke ala 2. Ma mua o ka hoʻouka ʻana, ʻaʻole pono e hoʻokuʻu kūikawā ʻia ka pā lithium-ion.ʻO ka hoʻokuʻu pono ʻole e hōʻino i ka pākaukau.I ka hoʻouka ʻana, e hoʻāʻo e hoʻohana i ka lohi lohi a hoʻemi i ka hoʻopiʻi wikiwiki;ʻaʻole pono ka manawa ma mua o 24 mau hola.Ma hope wale nō o ka pau ʻana o ʻekolu a ʻelima mau manawa hoʻopiha piha a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana, e "hoʻohana ʻia" kona mau kemika kūloko no ka hoʻohana maikaʻi ʻana.
Ke Kaʻina Hana 3. E ʻoluʻolu e hoʻohana i ka charger kumu a i ʻole ka mea hoʻoili inoa inoa kaulana.No nā pila lithium, e hoʻohana i kahi loina kūikawā no nā ʻāpana lithium a hahai i nā kuhikuhi.A i ʻole, e pōʻino a pilikia paha ka pākaukau.
ʻO ke ala 4. ʻO ka pākaukau i kūʻai hou ʻia he lithium ion, no laila ʻo ka 3 a 5 mau manawa o ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i kapa ʻia ʻo ka manawa hoʻoponopono, a pono e hoʻopiʻi ʻia ma mua o 14 mau hola e hōʻoia i ka hoʻoikaika piha ʻana o ka hana o nā lithium ion.ʻAʻohe hopena hoʻomanaʻo o nā ʻona Lithium-ion, akā ikaika ka inertness.Pono lākou e hoʻoikaika piha e hōʻoia i ka hana maikaʻi loa i nā noi e hiki mai ana.
Kaʻina 5. Pono e hoʻohana ka pahu lithium-ion i kahi loina kūikawā, inā ʻaʻole hiki ke hōʻea i ke kūlana saturation a pili i kāna hana.Ma hope o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana, e pale i ka waiho ʻana ma luna o ka charger no nā hola ʻoi aku ma mua o 12, a e hoʻokaʻawale i ka pākaukau mai ka huahana uila kelepona ke hoʻohana ʻole ʻia no ka manawa lōʻihi.

Lithium Battery - hoʻohana
Me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻenehana microelectronics i ke kenekulia iwakālua, ke hoʻonui nei nā mea miniaturized i kēlā me kēia lā, e kau ana i nā koi kiʻekiʻe no ka lako mana.A laila ua komo nā pākahi Lithium i kahi pae hana nui.
Ua hoʻohana mua ʻia i nā pacemaker cardiac.No ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa loa o ka hoʻokuʻu ponoʻī ʻana o nā pā lithium, ʻoi aku ka pali o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana.Hiki iā ia ke hoʻokomo i ka pacemaker i loko o ke kino o ke kanaka no ka manawa lōʻihi.
ʻOi aku ka nui o ka volta liʻiliʻi ma mua o 3.0 volts a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi no nā lako mana kaapuni hoʻohui.Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā pākahiko manganese dioxide i nā kamepiula, nā calculators, nā kāmela, a me nā wati.

Laʻana hoʻohana
1. Nui nā pūʻolo pila i mea pani no ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka pūʻolo: e like me nā mea i hoʻohana ʻia i nā kamepiula puke.Ma hope o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana, ʻike ʻia i ka wā e pōʻino ai kēia pūʻolo pākahi, pilikia wale nō nā pila pākahi.Hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia me kahi pākahi lithium cell hoʻokahi kūpono.
2. E hana ana i ka lama kukui li'ili'i ki'eki'e Ua ho'ohana ka mea kākau i ho'okahi pākahi lithium 3.6V1.6AH me ke ke'oke'o ke'oke'o ke'oke'o ke'oke'o ke'oke'o ke'oke'o e hana i ka lama li'ili'i, he mea ma'alahi ke ho'ohana, pa'a a nani.A ma muli o ka nui o ka pākaukau, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka hapalua hola i kēlā me kēia pō ma ka awelika, a ua hoʻohana ʻia ʻo ia no ʻelua mau mahina me ka ʻole o ke kau ʻana.
3. 'Oko'a 3V mana lako

No ka mea, ʻo 3.6V ka uila pākahi lithium cell hoʻokahi.No laila, hiki i hoʻokahi pākahi lithium ke hoʻololi i ʻelua mau ʻāpana maʻamau e hāʻawi i ka mana i nā mea pono hale liʻiliʻi e like me nā radios, walkmans, cameras, etc.

Mea anode pākaukau lithium-ion - lithium titanate

Hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia me ka lithium manganate, nā mea ternary a i ʻole lithium iron phosphate a me nā mea maikaʻi ʻē aʻe e hana ai i nā ʻona lua 2.4V a i ʻole 1.9V lithium ion.Eia kekahi, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he electrode maikaʻi e hana i kahi pākahi lithium 1.5V me ka lithium metala a i ʻole lithium alloy negative electrode second battery.

Ma muli o ka palekana kiʻekiʻe, ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe, ka lōʻihi a me nā ʻano ʻōmaʻomaʻo o ka lithium titanate.Hiki ke wānana ʻia e lilo ka lithium titanate mea i mea electrode maikaʻi ʻole o ka hanauna hou o nā pā lithium ion i 2-3 mau makahiki a hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā kaʻa mana hou, nā kaʻa uila a me nā mea e koi ana i ka palekana kiʻekiʻe, ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe a me ka lōʻihi.kahua noi.ʻO ka volta hana o ka pākaukau lithium titanate he 2.4V, ʻo ka volta kiʻekiʻe loa ʻo 3.0V, a ʻo ke kau ʻana i kēia manawa a hiki i 2C.

Lithium titanate haku mele
ʻO ka electrode maikaʻi: lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganate a i ʻole mea ternary, lithium nickel manganate.
ʻO ka electrode maikaʻi ʻole: lithium titanate mea.
Paʻa: ʻO ka pahu pahu lithium o kēia manawa me ke kalapona e like me ka electrode maikaʻi ʻole.
Electrolyte: Lithium battery electrolyte me carbon as the negative electrode.
Ka pahu pahu: Lithium pahu pahu me ke kalapona e like me ka electrode maikaʻi ʻole.

ʻO nā mea maikaʻi o nā pākahi lithium titanate: ʻo ke koho ʻana i nā kaʻa uila e hoʻololi i nā kaʻa wahie ke koho maikaʻi loa e hoʻoponopono i ka pollution kaiapuni o ke kūlanakauhale.Ma waena o lākou, ua hoʻokipa nui nā ʻenekini lithium-ion i nā mea noiʻi.I mea e hoʻokō ai i nā koi o nā kaʻa uila no nā pā uila lithium-ion ma luna o ka papa, ka noiʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mea ʻino me ka palekana kiʻekiʻe, ka hana maikaʻi a me ka lōʻihi o kona mau wahi wela a me nā pilikia.

Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā mea uila lithium-ion pākēneka i nā mea kalapona, akā aia kekahi mau hemahema i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pā lithium e hoʻohana ana i ke kalapona e like me ka electrode maikaʻi ʻole:
1. He mea maʻalahi ka lithium dendrites i ka wā o ka hoʻonui ʻana, e hopena i kahi pōkole pōkole o ka pākaukau a pili i ka hana palekana o ka pā lithium;
2. He mea maʻalahi ke hana i ka SEI kiʻiʻoniʻoni, e hopena i ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ka mana hoʻokuʻu a me ka nui hikiʻole ke hoʻololi;
3. ʻO ia hoʻi, he haʻahaʻa ka volta kahua o nā mea kalapona (kokoke i ka lithium metala), a he maʻalahi ke kumu i ka decomposition o ka electrolyte, kahi e lawe mai ai i nā pilikia palekana.
4. Ma ke kaʻina hana o ka lithium ion hoʻokomo a me ka unuhi ʻana, hoʻololi nui ka leo, a ʻilihune ka paʻa o ka pōʻai.

Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā mea kalapona, ʻo Li4Ti5012 ʻano spinel he mau pono nui:
1. He mea ole-strain mea a he maikai ka holo ana;
2. Paʻa ka uila hoʻokuʻu, a ʻaʻole e decompose ka electrolyte, e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana palekana o nā pā lithium;
3. Ke hoʻohālikelikeʻia me nā mea anode carbon, lithium titanate he kiʻekiʻe lithium ion diffusion coefficient (2 * 10-8cm2 / s), a hiki ke hoʻouka a hoʻokuʻuʻia ma kahi kiʻekiʻe.
4. ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka lithium titanate ma mua o ka lithium metala maʻemaʻe, a ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka hana ʻana i nā dendrites lithium, kahi kumu no ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka palekana o nā pā lithium.

kaapuni mālama
Aia i loko o ʻelua mau transistors hopena kahua a me kahi poloka S-8232 i hoʻolaʻa ʻia.Hoʻopili ʻia ka paipu mana overcharge FET2 a me ka paipu mana overdischarge FET1 i ke kaʻapuni, a nānā ʻia a mālama ʻia ka uila uila e ka IC mālama.I ka piʻi ʻana o ka uila uila i 4.2V, ua pio ka pahu mālama overcharge FET1, a ua hoʻopau ʻia ke kau ʻana.I mea e pale aku ai i ka hana ʻino, hoʻohui pinepine ʻia kahi capacitor lohi i ke kaapuni waho.Ke hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka pākaukau, hāʻule ka puʻuwai pila i 2.55.