Baturin lithium nau'in baturi ne da ke amfani da ƙarfe na lithium ko alloy na lithium azaman abu mara kyau kuma yana amfani da maganin electrolyte mara ruwa.Batir lithium na farko da aka gabatar ya fito ne daga babban mai ƙirƙira Edison.
Batirin Lithium - Batirin Lithium
baturi lithium
Baturin lithium nau'in baturi ne da ke amfani da ƙarfe na lithium ko alloy na lithium azaman abu mara kyau kuma yana amfani da maganin electrolyte mara ruwa.Batir lithium na farko da aka gabatar ya fito ne daga babban mai ƙirƙira Edison.
Saboda abubuwan sinadarai na ƙarfe na lithium suna aiki sosai, sarrafawa, adanawa da aikace-aikacen ƙarfe na lithium suna da babban buƙatun muhalli.Don haka, ba a daɗe ana amfani da batir lithium ba.
Tare da haɓaka fasahar microelectronics a cikin karni na ashirin, ƙananan na'urori suna karuwa kowace rana, wanda ke gabatar da manyan buƙatu don samar da wutar lantarki.Daga nan batirin lithium sun shiga babban mataki mai amfani.
An fara amfani da shi a cikin masu bugun zuciya.Saboda yawan fitar da kai na batir lithium yayi ƙasa sosai, ƙarfin fitarwa yana da girma.Yana ba da damar dasa na'urar bugun zuciya a cikin jikin ɗan adam na dogon lokaci.
Batura lithium gabaɗaya suna da ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki sama da 3.0 volts kuma sun fi dacewa da haɗaɗɗen samar da wutar lantarki.Ana amfani da batir ɗin Manganese dioxide sosai a cikin kwamfutoci, ƙididdiga, kyamarori, da agogo.
Don haɓaka nau'ikan da ke da kyakkyawan aiki, an yi nazarin abubuwa daban-daban.Sannan yi samfuran kamar ba a taɓa yin irin su ba.Misali, batirin lithium sulfur dioxide da batir lithium thionyl chloride sun bambanta sosai.Abubuwan da suke aiki masu kyau kuma sune sauran ƙarfi ga electrolyte.Wannan tsarin yana samuwa ne kawai a cikin tsarin lantarki marasa ruwa.Sabili da haka, nazarin batirin lithium ya kuma inganta haɓakar ka'idar electrochemical na tsarin marasa ruwa.Baya ga yin amfani da wasu kaushi daban-daban da ba na ruwa ba, an kuma gudanar da bincike kan batirin siraran fim na polymer.
A shekarar 1992, Sony ya yi nasarar kera batura lithium-ion.Aikace-aikacen sa na aiki yana rage nauyi da ƙarar na'urorin lantarki masu ɗaukar nauyi kamar wayoyin hannu da kwamfutocin littafin rubutu.An tsawaita lokacin amfani sosai.Saboda baturan lithium-ion ba su ƙunshi chromium ƙarfe mai nauyi ba, idan aka kwatanta da baturan nickel-chromium, gurɓataccen yanayi yana raguwa sosai.
1. Lithium-ion baturi
Batirin lithium-ion yanzu an kasu kashi biyu: Lithium-ion baturi (LIBs) da kuma polymer lithium-ion baturi (PLBs).Daga cikin su, baturin lithium ion ruwa yana nufin baturi na biyu wanda mahaɗin Li + intercalation shine tabbatacce kuma mara kyau na lantarki.Ingantacciyar wutar lantarki tana zaɓar mahaɗin lithium LiCoO2 ko LiMn2O4, kuma gurɓataccen lantarki yana zaɓar mahaɗin lithium-carbon interlayer.Batirin lithium-ion shine ingantaccen motsi don haɓakawa a cikin ƙarni na 21st saboda ƙarfin ƙarfin aiki, ƙaramin girmansa, nauyi mai nauyi, ƙarfin ƙarfi, ƙarancin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, babu gurɓatacce, ƙarancin fitar da kai, da tsawon rayuwa.
2. Takaitaccen tarihin ci gaban baturin lithium-ion
Batirin lithium da batirin lithium ion sabbin batura ne masu ƙarfi da aka samu nasarar ƙera su a ƙarni na 20.Rashin wutar lantarki na wannan baturi shine ƙarfe lithium, kuma tabbataccen lantarki shine MnO2, SOCL2, (CFx) n, da dai sauransu. An saka shi cikin amfani mai amfani a cikin 1970s.Saboda yawan kuzarinsa, ƙarfin ƙarfin baturi, faffadan yanayin zafin aiki, da tsawon lokacin ajiya, an yi amfani da shi sosai a cikin ƙananan kayan lantarki na soja da na farar hula, kamar wayar hannu, kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka, kyamarar bidiyo, kyamarori, da sauransu, a wani bangare. maye gurbin batura na gargajiya..
3. Haɓaka haɓakar batirin lithium-ion
An yi amfani da batir Lithium-ion sosai a cikin na'urori masu ɗaukar nauyi kamar kwamfutocin tafi-da-gidanka, kyamarori na bidiyo, da sadarwar wayar hannu saboda fa'idodin aikinsu na musamman.Batirin lithium-ion mai girma da aka samar a yanzu an gwada shi a cikin motocin lantarki, kuma an kiyasta cewa zai zama daya daga cikin hanyoyin samar da wutar lantarki na farko a karni na 21, kuma za a yi amfani da shi a cikin tauraron dan adam, sararin samaniya da kuma ajiyar makamashi. .
4. Ainihin aikin baturi
(1) Buɗewar wutar lantarki na baturi
(2) Juriya na ciki na baturi
(3) Wutar lantarki mai aiki na baturi
(4) Yin caji
Wutar cajin tana nufin ƙarfin lantarki da ake amfani da shi a ƙarshen baturin ta hanyar samar da wutar lantarki na waje lokacin da ake cajin baturi na biyu.Hanyoyi na asali na caji sun haɗa da caji na yau da kullum da cajin wutar lantarki akai-akai.Gabaɗaya, ana amfani da caji akai-akai, kuma yanayinsa shine cewa cajin halin yanzu yana da ƙarfi yayin aikin caji.Yayin da caji ke ci gaba, ana dawo da kayan aiki mai aiki, ana ci gaba da rage yawan ƙwayar wutar lantarki, kuma polarization na motar yana karuwa a hankali.
(5) Ƙarfin baturi
Ƙarfin baturi yana nufin adadin wutar lantarki da aka samu daga baturin, wanda yawanci C ke bayyana shi, kuma yawancin naúrar ana bayyana ta Ah ko mAh.Ƙarfi shine muhimmin manufa na aikin lantarki na baturi.Yawan ƙarfin baturin yana kasu kashi zuwa iyawar ka'ida, iya aiki mai amfani da ƙima.
Ana ƙayyade ƙarfin baturi ta ƙarfin lantarki.Idan karfin na'urorin ba daidai ba ne, ƙarfin baturin ya dogara ne da lantarki tare da ƙaramin ƙarfin aiki, amma ba haka ba ne jimlar ƙarfin lantarki masu inganci da korau.
(6) Aikin ajiya da rayuwar baturi
Ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan farko na tushen wutar lantarki shine cewa suna iya sakin makamashin lantarki lokacin da ake amfani da su da kuma adana makamashin lantarki lokacin da ba a amfani da su.Abin da ake kira aikin ajiya shine ikon kula da caji don baturi na biyu.
Game da baturi na biyu, rayuwar sabis muhimmin siga ce don auna aikin baturi.Ana cajin baturi na biyu kuma ana fitar da shi sau ɗaya, ana kiransa zagayowar (ko zagayowar).Karkashin wani ma'auni na caji da caji, adadin lokacin caji da lokacin cajin da baturin zai iya jurewa kafin ƙarfin baturi ya kai wani ƙima ana kiransa yanayin aiki na baturi na biyu.Batirin lithium-ion suna da kyakkyawan aikin ajiya da kuma tsawon rayuwar sake zagayowar.
Batirin Lithium - Fasaloli
A. Babban yawan makamashi
Nauyin baturin lithium-ion shine rabin na nickel-cadmium ko nickel-hydrogen baturi na ƙarfin iri ɗaya, kuma girman shine 40-50% na nickel-cadmium da 20-30% na baturin nickel-hydrogen. .
B. High Voltage
Wutar lantarki mai aiki na baturin lithium-ion guda ɗaya shine 3.7V (matsakaicin ƙima), wanda yayi daidai da uku nickel-cadmium ko nickel-metal hydride baturi da aka haɗa a jere.
C. Babu gurbacewa
Batura lithium-ion ba su ƙunshi ƙarfe masu cutarwa kamar cadmium, gubar, da mercury ba.
D. Bashi da lithium mai ƙarfe
Batura lithium-ion ba su ƙunshi lithium na ƙarfe ba don haka ba su ƙarƙashin ƙa'idodi kamar haramcin ɗaukar batir lithium akan jirgin fasinja.
E. Rayuwa mai girma
A ƙarƙashin yanayi na al'ada, baturan lithium-ion na iya samun fiye da hawan caji 500.
F. Babu tasirin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya
Tasirin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya yana nufin lamarin cewa ƙarfin baturin nickel-cadmium yana raguwa yayin zagayowar caji da caji.Batirin lithium-ion ba su da wannan tasirin.
G. Saurin caji
Yin amfani da cajar wutar lantarki akai-akai tare da ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki na 4.2V na iya yin cikakken cajin baturin lithium-ion cikin sa'o'i ɗaya zuwa biyu.
Batirin Lithium - Ka'ida da Tsarin Batirin Lithium
1. Tsari da ka'idar aiki na batirin lithium ion baturi: Abin da ake kira baturin lithium ion baturi yana nufin baturi na biyu wanda ya ƙunshi mahadi guda biyu waɗanda za su iya jujjuya su tare da rarraba ions lithium a matsayin masu amfani da lantarki masu kyau da kuma korau.Mutane suna kiran wannan baturi na lithium-ion tare da na'ura na musamman, wanda ya dogara da canja wurin ions lithium tsakanin ingantattun na'urori masu kyau da mara kyau don kammala cajin baturi da aikin fitarwa, a matsayin "batir kujera mai girgiza", wanda aka fi sani da "batir lithium" .Ɗauki LiCoO2 a matsayin misali: (1) Lokacin da aka yi cajin baturi, ions lithium suna raguwa daga ingantacciyar wutar lantarki kuma a haɗa su a cikin mummunan lantarki, kuma akasin haka lokacin fitarwa.Wannan yana buƙatar na'urar lantarki don kasancewa cikin yanayin haɗin lithium kafin haɗuwa.Gabaɗaya, oxide ƙarfe na tsaka-tsakin lithium tare da yuwuwar mafi girma fiye da 3V dangane da lithium da barga a cikin iska an zaɓi shi azaman ingantacciyar lantarki, kamar LiCoO2, LiNiO2, LiMn2O4, LiFePO4.(2) Don kayan da ba su da na'urorin lantarki, zaɓi mahaɗan lithium masu tsaka-tsaki waɗanda ƙarfinsu yana kusa da yuwuwar lithium.Misali, daban-daban na carbon kayan sun hada da na halitta graphite, roba graphite, carbon fiber, mesophase spherical carbon, da dai sauransu da karfe oxides, ciki har da SnO, SnO2, Tin composite oxide SnBxPyOz (x=0.4～0.6, y=0.6～0.4, z= (2+3x+5y)/2) da sauransu.
baturi lithium
2. Baturi gabaɗaya ya haɗa da: tabbatacce, korau, electrolyte, SEPARATOR, gubar mai kyau, faranti mara kyau, tashar tsakiya, insulating abu (insulator), bawul ɗin aminci (amintaccen iska), zoben rufewa (gasket), PTC (tashar kula da zazzabi mai kyau), akwati baturi.Gabaɗaya, mutane sun fi damuwa game da ingantacciyar lantarki, rashin wutar lantarki, da electrolyte.
baturi lithium
Kwatanta tsarin baturin lithium-ion
Dangane da kayan cathode daban-daban, an raba shi zuwa lithium iron, cobalt lithium, manganese lithium, da sauransu;
Daga rarrabuwar siffa, gabaɗaya an raba shi zuwa cylindrical da murabba'i, kuma ana iya yin ions lithium na polymer zuwa kowace siffa;
Dangane da nau'ikan kayan lantarki daban-daban da ake amfani da su a cikin batirin lithium-ion, batirin lithium-ion ana iya kasu kashi biyu: batir lithium-ion batir (LIB) da batir lithium-ion mai ƙarfi.PLIB) wani nau'i ne na batir lithium-ion mai ƙarfi.
electrolyte
Shell/Package Barrier Mai Tarin Yanzu
Liquid lithium-ion baturi Liquid bakin karfe, aluminum 25μPE jan karfe tsare da aluminum foil polymer lithium-ion baturi colloidal polymer aluminum / PP hada fim ba tare da shamaki ko guda μPE jan karfe tsare da aluminum foil.
Batirin Lithium - Ayyukan Batirin Lithium Ion
1. Babban ƙarfin makamashi
Idan aka kwatanta da batir NI/CD ko NI/MH masu ƙarfin aiki iri ɗaya, baturan lithium-ion sun fi nauyi a nauyi, kuma ƙayyadaddun ƙarfin ƙarfinsu ya ninka sau 1.5 zuwa 2 na waɗannan nau'ikan batura guda biyu.
2. Babban ƙarfin lantarki
Batirin lithium-ion suna amfani da electronegative element mai ƙunshe da lithium electrodes don cimma matsaya mai ƙarfi kamar 3.7V, wanda ya ninka ƙarfin ƙarfin baturan NI/CD ko NI/MH sau uku.
3. Mara gurbacewar yanayi, rashin muhalli
4. Rayuwa mai tsayi
Tsawon rayuwa ya wuce sau 500
5. Babban nauyin kaya
Ana iya ci gaba da fitar da batir Lithium-ion tare da babban ƙarfin wuta, ta yadda za a iya amfani da wannan baturin a cikin na'urori masu ƙarfi kamar kyamarori da kwamfutocin tafi-da-gidanka.
6. Kyakkyawan tsaro
Saboda amfani da kayan anode masu kyau, an shawo kan matsalar ci gaban lithium dendrite yayin cajin baturi, wanda ke inganta amincin batir lithium-ion sosai.A lokaci guda, ana zaɓi na'urorin haɗi na musamman waɗanda za'a iya dawo dasu don tabbatar da amincin baturin yayin amfani.
Baturin lithium – Hanyar cajin baturin lithium ion
Hanyar 1. Kafin batirin lithium-ion ya bar masana'anta, masana'anta sun gudanar da aikin kunnawa kuma an riga an yi caji, don haka baturin lithium-ion yana da ragowar ƙarfin, kuma ana cajin baturin lithium-ion daidai da lokacin daidaitawa.Wannan lokacin daidaitawa yana buƙatar aiwatar da sau 3 zuwa 5 gaba ɗaya.Zazzagewa.
Hanya 2. Kafin yin caji, baturin lithium-ion baya buƙatar cirewa ta musamman.Fitarwa mara kyau zai lalata baturin.Lokacin caji, gwada amfani da jinkirin caji kuma rage saurin caji;lokacin kada ya wuce awanni 24.Sai bayan da baturi ya yi cikakken caji uku zuwa biyar da zagayowar fitarwa za'a iya "kunna" sinadarai na ciki don amfani mai kyau.
Hanya 3. Da fatan za a yi amfani da caja na asali ko ingantaccen cajar alama.Don batirin lithium, yi amfani da caja na musamman don batir lithium kuma bi umarnin.In ba haka ba, baturin zai lalace ko ma yana cikin haɗari.
Hanyar 4. Sabuwar baturin da aka siya shine lithium ion, don haka farkon lokacin caji sau 3 zuwa 5 ana kiransa lokacin daidaitawa, kuma yakamata a yi cajin fiye da sa'o'i 14 don tabbatar da cewa aikin lithium ions ya cika aiki.Batura lithium-ion ba su da tasirin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, amma suna da ƙarfi mara ƙarfi.Ya kamata a kunna su gabaɗaya don tabbatar da mafi kyawun aiki a aikace-aikacen gaba.
Hanyar 5. Dole ne baturin lithium-ion ya yi amfani da caja na musamman, in ba haka ba maiyuwa ba zai kai matsayin jikewa ba kuma ya shafi aikinsa.Bayan caji, kauce wa sanya shi a kan caja na fiye da awanni 12, kuma raba baturin daga samfurin lantarki ta wayar hannu lokacin da ba a yi amfani da shi na dogon lokaci ba.
Baturin lithium - amfani
Tare da haɓaka fasahar microelectronics a cikin karni na ashirin, ƙananan na'urori suna karuwa kowace rana, wanda ke gabatar da manyan buƙatu don samar da wutar lantarki.Daga nan batirin lithium sun shiga babban mataki mai amfani.
An fara amfani da shi a cikin masu bugun zuciya.Saboda yawan fitar da kai na batir lithium yayi ƙasa sosai, ƙarfin fitarwa yana da girma.Yana ba da damar dasa na'urar bugun zuciya a cikin jikin ɗan adam na dogon lokaci.
Batura lithium gabaɗaya suna da ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki sama da 3.0 volts kuma sun fi dacewa da haɗaɗɗen samar da wutar lantarki.Ana amfani da batir ɗin Manganese dioxide sosai a cikin kwamfutoci, ƙididdiga, kyamarori, da agogo.
Misalin aikace-aikacen
1. Akwai fakitin baturi da yawa a matsayin maye gurbin gyaran fakitin baturi: kamar waɗanda ake amfani da su a cikin kwamfutocin littafin rubutu.Bayan gyara, an gano cewa lokacin da wannan baturin ya lalace, batir ɗaya ne kawai ke samun matsala.Ana iya maye gurbinsa da baturin lithium cell guda daya dace.
2. Yin ƙaramin haske mai haske Marubucin ya taɓa yin amfani da batirin lithium guda ɗaya mai nauyin 3.6V1.6AH tare da farin bututu mai fitar da haske mai haske don yin ƙaramin fitila, mai sauƙin amfani, ƙarami kuma kyakkyawa.Kuma saboda yawan ƙarfin baturi, ana iya amfani da shi tsawon rabin sa'a kowane dare a matsakaici, kuma ana amfani da shi fiye da watanni biyu ba tare da caji ba.
3. Madadin wutar lantarki 3V
Domin batirin lithium mai-cell guda ɗaya shine 3.6V.Don haka, baturin lithium guda ɗaya ne kawai zai iya maye gurbin batura guda biyu na yau da kullun don samar da wutar lantarki ga ƙananan kayan aikin gida kamar rediyo, masu tafiya, kamara, da sauransu, wanda ba kawai nauyi ba ne, amma kuma yana daɗe.
Lithium-ion baturi anode abu - lithium titanate
Ana iya haɗa shi da manganate na lithium, kayan ternary ko lithium iron phosphate da sauran abubuwa masu kyau don samar da batura na biyu na lithium 2.4V ko 1.9V.Bugu da kari, ana iya amfani da ita azaman ingantacciyar lantarki don samar da batirin lithium mai karfin 1.5V tare da batirin karfe na lithium ko lithium alloy negative electrode secondary baturi.
Saboda babban aminci, babban kwanciyar hankali, tsawon rai da halayen kore na lithium titanate.Ana iya yin annabta cewa kayan lithium titanate zai zama kayan lantarki mara kyau na sabon ƙarni na batir lithium ion a cikin shekaru 2-3 kuma za a yi amfani da su sosai a cikin sababbin motocin lantarki, babura na lantarki da waɗanda ke buƙatar babban aminci, babban kwanciyar hankali da tsawon lokaci.filin aikace-aikace.Wutar lantarki mai aiki na batirin lithium titanate shine 2.4V, mafi girman ƙarfin lantarki shine 3.0V, kuma cajin halin yanzu yana zuwa 2C.
Haɗin baturin lithium titanate
Kyakkyawan lantarki: lithium baƙin ƙarfe phosphate, lithium manganate ko ternary abu, lithium nickel manganate.
Electrode mara kyau: kayan lithium titanate.
Shamaki: Katangar baturi na lithium na yanzu tare da carbon azaman lantarki mara kyau.
Electrolyte: Lithium baturi electrolyte tare da carbon a matsayin korau lantarki.
Halin baturi: Halin baturin lithium tare da carbon azaman gurɓataccen lantarki.
Abubuwan da ke tattare da batir lithium titanate: zabar motocin lantarki don maye gurbin motocin mai shine mafi kyawun zaɓi don magance gurɓataccen muhalli na birni.Daga cikin su, baturan wutar lantarki na lithium-ion sun ja hankalin masu bincike sosai.Don saduwa da buƙatun motocin lantarki don baturan wutar lantarki na lithium-ion a kan jirgin, bincike da haɓaka Abubuwan da ba su da kyau tare da babban aminci, kyakkyawan aiki mai kyau da tsawon rai shine wuraren zafi da matsaloli.
Batura mara kyau na lithium-ion na kasuwanci galibi suna amfani da kayan carbon, amma har yanzu akwai wasu rashin amfani a aikace-aikacen batir lithium ta amfani da carbon azaman gurɓataccen lantarki:
1. Lithium dendrites ana samun sauƙin hazo yayin caji mai yawa, yana haifar da ɗan gajeren da'ira na baturi kuma yana shafar aikin aminci na baturin lithium;
2. Yana da sauƙi don samar da fim din SEI, yana haifar da ƙananan cajin farko da ikon fitarwa da babban ƙarfin da ba za a iya jurewa ba;
3. Wato, dandali ƙarfin lantarki na carbon kayan ne low (kusa da karfe lithium), kuma yana da sauki don haifar da bazuwar na electrolyte, wanda zai kawo tsaro kasada.
4. A cikin aiwatar da shigar da ion lithium da cirewa, ƙarar yana canzawa sosai, kuma kwanciyar hankali na sake zagayowar ba shi da kyau.
Idan aka kwatanta da kayan carbon, nau'in spinel Li4Ti5012 yana da fa'idodi masu mahimmanci:
1. Yana da sifili-iri abu kuma yana da kyakkyawan aiki na wurare dabam dabam;
2. Ƙimar fitarwa yana da ƙarfi, kuma electrolyte ba zai rushe ba, inganta aikin aminci na batura lithium;
3. Idan aka kwatanta da carbon anode kayan, lithium titanate yana da babban adadin lithium ion diffusion coefficient (2 * 10-8cm2 / s), kuma za'a iya caji da fitarwa a babban kudi.
4. Ƙimar lithium titanate ya fi girma fiye da na lithium karfe mai tsabta, kuma ba shi da sauƙi don samar da lithium dendrites, wanda ke ba da tushe don tabbatar da amincin baturan lithium.
kula da kewaye
Ya ƙunshi transistor tasirin filin guda biyu da ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun toshe S-8232.An haɗa bututun sarrafa cajin FET2 da bututun kula da wuce gona da iri FET1 a jere zuwa da'ira, kuma ana kula da ƙarfin baturi da kulawa ta IC.Lokacin da ƙarfin baturi ya tashi zuwa 4.2V , an kashe bututun kulawa da yawa FET1, kuma cajin ya ƙare.Don guje wa rashin aiki, ana ƙara capacitor na jinkiri gabaɗaya zuwa kewayen waje.Lokacin da baturi ya kasance a cikin yanayin da aka cire, ƙarfin baturi yana raguwa zuwa 2.55.
Lokacin aikawa: Maris-30-2023